新高考英语最新模拟题分项汇编专题05 阅读理解之议论文 原卷版

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专题 05 阅读理解之议论文
1.（湖北重点中学 2021 届高三联合检测）
When talking about the economics of online publishing, the first thing to remember is that job No. 1 isn’t to
get the news to you. Rather, it is to monetize you, by selling you off, in real time, to the highest bidder. This
happens every time you click on a link, before the page has even started to load on your phone. Once upon a time,
if you and I both visited the same web page at the same time using the same web browser, we would end up seeing
the same thing. Today, however, an almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts and cookies and often
astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales links which are tailored
almost uniquely to you.
That ecosystem raises important questions about privacy—the way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes
online, for instance, they then start following you around every other website you visit for weeks. But whether or
not you value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all that technology.
Online ads have never got less annoying over time, and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to get more
annoying as well, once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are. The move to greater
privacy protections might help slow the pace with which such technologies are adopted. But there’s no realistic
hope that websites will actually improve from here. If you want to avoid the dreadful experience of the mobile web,
you’ll only have one choice—which is to start reading your articles natively, in the Facebook or Apple News app.
But it won’t be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. It’ll be ad tech.
32．What will happen if two people click on the same link today?
A．They will immediately get the news that they want.
B．They will see the same thing whenever they browse.
C．They will see different brand messages and sales links.
D．They will be recommended to the same bidder.
33．Why can the online ads send you the links unique to you?
A．Because the ecosystem knows who you are.
B．Because they know how to identify who you are.
C．Because you don’t care about your privacy.
D．Because you always use the same web browser.
34．How could we protect our privacy against mobile ads?
A．By slowing the pace with such technologies.
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B．By improving the website functions.
C．By stopping using the mobile phones.
D．By reading articles in specific apps.
35．What’s the author’s attitude to the ad tech?
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic.
2.（湖南省衡阳市第八中学 2021 届高三模拟）
The argument that human-caused carbon emissions(排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to
greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years. And while it
seems to be reasonable, the science just doesn't back it up.
According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the world's volcanoes, both on land and undersea, generate
about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually, while our automotive and industrial activities cause some
24 billion tons of CO2 emissions every year worldwide. Despite the arguments to the contrary, the facts speak for
themselves: Greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes compose less than one percent of those generated by today's
human activities.
Another indication that human emissions surpass those of volcanoes is the fact that atmospheric CO2 levels, as
measured by sampling stations around the world, have gone up consistently year after year regardless of whether or
not there have been major volcanic eruptions in specific years. “If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions
dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, then these carbon dioxide
records would be full of spikes —one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck, a journalist writing for online
environmental news. “Instead, such records show a smooth and regular trend.”
Furthermore, some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions, like that of Mt.St. Helens in 1980 and Mt.
Pinatubo in 1991, actually lead to short-term global cooling, not warming, as sulfur dioxide (SO2), ash and other
particles in the air and stratosphere(平流层) reflect some solar energy instead of letting it into Earth's atmosphere.
SO2, which converts to sulfuric acid aerosol, when it hits the stratosphere, can linger there for as long as seven
years and can exercise a cooling effect long after a volcanic eruption has taken place.
Scientists tracking the effects of the major 1991 eruption of the Philippines’ Mt. Pinatubo found that the
overall effect of the blast was to cool the surface of the Earth globally by some 0.5 degrees Celsius a year later,
even though rising human greenhouse gas emissions and an El Nino event caused some surface warming during the
1991-1993 study period.
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In an interesting twist on the issue, British researchers last year published an article in the peer reviewed
scientific journal Nature showing how volcanic activity may be contributing to the melting of ice caps in Antarctica
but not because of any emissions, natural or man-made. Instead, scientists Hugh Corr and David Vaughan of the
British Antarctic Survey believe that volcanoes underneath Antarctica may be melting the continents ice sheets
from below, just as warming air temperatures from human-induced emissions erode them from above.
28．According to Paragraph 1, some people argue that .
A．their opinion is supported by science.
B．volcanoes generate most of the greenhouse gases.
C．human activities are to blame for greenhouse gases.
D．carbon emissions produced by volcanoes are increasing.
29．What does the underlined word “spikes" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Sudden increases. B．Smooth trends.
C．Stable regularities. D．Sharp declines.
30．What do the scientists mentioned in this passage believe about volcanic eruptions?
A．They brought about global warming.
B．They actually partly cooled the surface of the Earth.
C．They melted the ice sheets in Antarctic from above.
D．They dominated human emissions in greenhouse effect.
31．The purpose of the passage is to .
A．compare the results of the studies.
B．contradict a view held by some people.
C．present new findings for greenhouse phenomenon.
D．report the effects of CO2, in greenhouse phenomenon.
3.（福建省三明市 2021 届高三质检）
As is known, honesty is a virtue. It is admired in every culture. It means telling the truth and being fair and
upright. So, is it necessary to be honest all the time? Could upping one's personal honesty light up a pleasure center
in his own brain?
My 6-year-old daughter said that telling the truth made her feel "gold in her brain". Once she asked me if the
cat really went to sleep last year, or if that actually meant that I had killed him. I sighed, wondering if I should wait
to start this honesty project until my child grew up. But I braved it and told her, "Yes, I had made the choice for
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作者：envi 分类：高中 价格：3知币 属性：13 页 大小：114KB 格式：DOC 时间：2025-02-19

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