讲与练23 从外在线索突破七选五阅读(原卷版)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)

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2022 年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）23

从外在线索突破七选五阅读

【高频考点回顾】

在解题过程中，每做一道有把握的题后最好在 7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可

将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将 7个选项缩小到 2～4个选项，因此，也提高模棱两可

题的正答率。通过观察篇章结构和设题特点，由外在特征即可预测答案。这些外在线索包括小标题、主题

句、首段尾句和标点符号等。

1.关注小标题

在“总——分”结构的文章中，有一些由小标题引领各部分。如设空处恰好处于小标题的位置，则该

处应为一个小标题。而小标题的供选项一般为祈使句，相对于其他选项，句子较短，特征较为突出。一个

小标题常有两个供选项，其中一个为迷惑选项，通常也是最终多余的两个选项之一，不会是任何题的答案。

小标题线索题目较为明显，学生容易发现小标题的特征，题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。

【典例示例】　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ片段)

•__37__

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants ，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are

concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers ( 肥

料).38.Still__others__may__simply__enjoy being__outdoors and__close__to__plants.However ，there are a

number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.

•Recall (回忆) your childhood memories

...

A．Know why you garden

B．Find a good place for your own garden

【分析】　由该空所在位置可知这是一个小标题。A项(Know why you garden)和B项(Find a good place for

your own garden)都是祈使句，故只能从这两个选项中选择。由其后内容“有些人可能认为花园……，有些

人关心……然而，还有很多其他原因……”可知，本段的主题应该是 A项“知道你为什么要做园艺工作”，

其中的 garden 为动词，意为“从事园艺工作”。而 B项为最终多余选项中的两个选项之一。

2.留意主旨句

在“总——分”结构的文章中，观察每一部分(段落)的结构，如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引领，这

些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为

段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。此类题目较为简单，学生可优先做该题。

【典例示例】　(2020·全国卷Ⅰ片段)

·__37__ Do not follow the people who make you feel not －good－enough.Why do you follow them？Are

you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs ？Know that your life is

your own；you are the only you in this world.

·Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings ，our mistakes

and our failures.38.Remember ， you __are__only human.You will make mistakes，time and time again.Rather than

getting caught up in how you could have done better ，why not offer yourself a compassionate( 有同情

心)response？“That didn’t go as planned.But，I tried my best.”

C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D．Remember，you are only human.

E．Set an intention for self－acceptance.

F．Stop comparing yourself with others.

【分析】由每段前的实心圆点来看，每段首句是主题句。再观察下一段首句“ Forgive yourself for mistakes

that you have made.”是祈使句，应排除 C选项。由空后的两个问句 Why do you follow them？...your life is

better than theirs？可知，本段主要讲不要和他人对比，故 F项(停止与他人作比较)符合语境。

3.观察首段末尾处

在“总——分”结构的文章中，首段的末尾句，往往起到总起作用，引领下文。所选答案的语句通常

为：“Following is the advice on how to...”“Here are a few tips to...” “The following steps may help you...” ，而

下文内容正是这些 advice，tips，steps 的具体内容。

【典例示例】　(2018·浙江 6月卷片段)

Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course ，you want to make sure that

you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make

sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.__31__

Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property ( 房产 )

neat，clean，and in good repair...

E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car，pick it up.

F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.

G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.

【分析】　第一段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为

举止像一个好邻居应该有的。下文介绍了几种具体做法，故选 G项“这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢

得邻居的信赖”，承上启下。

4.利用标点符号

如果设空处后面是逗号，则该处填入的句子应为“未完待续”的句子，这些句子往往是从句或是主句；

如果设空处前面是逗号，则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)。我们可以据此来迅速锁定

选择范围。

【典例示例】　(2020·全国卷Ⅱ片段)

In Asia ，messaging platforms are growing rapidly ，with users in the hundreds of millions ，both at work and

play.36.The__popularity__of__these__platforms__is spreading__globally.It’s been reported that 76 percent of

employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.

Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling ，keeping

intention clear.__37__，encouraging better and more frequent communication.

A．Messages with emojis feel more conversational

B．Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly

C．Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange

【分析】设空处后为逗号可知，这个设空处应填入不完整的句子。上文讲“ Written communications can

often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling，keeping intention clear.”，谈到了在书面交

流中使用表情符号的好处，故结合选项可知，A项符合语境。

【高频考点强化】

Science can help you improve your study methods. For more than 100 years, psychologists have done research

on which study habits work best. Some tips help for almost every subject. For example, don’t just cram! And test

yourself, instead of just rereading the material. Here are 4 tips to tweak your study habits.

1. Space out your studying

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