Module 9 模块语法与主题写作详解与训练-广西桂林市雁山中学外研版八年级上册英语

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外研版英语八(上)Module 9 模块语法与主题写作详解与训练
模块语法详解
冠词和数词
一、冠词
冠词:是限定的一种词,不能单独使用,常用于修饰名词,帮助指明名词的含义。冠词有三种
形式:不定冠词(a/an, 定冠词(the和零冠词/)。a用在辅音音素开头的单词之前,an 用在
元音音素开头的单词之前。如:a university, an hour, a book, an apple 等。
●1. 不定冠词的用法
a an 均用在单数名词之前,泛指某一类人或事物。如:John is a student. // Mary is an English
teacher.
one Pass me an apple, please. // I have a computer
and a car.
⑶ 指某人或某物,但不具体指明是哪个人或物。如:A student wants to see you. // A girl is waiting for you
outside.
“每当于 everyTake the medicine three times a day. // They go to see their parents once a
week.
⑸ 用在序数词前表示“又一,再一”。如:I’ve tried three times. Let me try a fourth time.
⑹ 用a few/little, a cup/bottle of, catch a cold/bus, have a good time, have a
look, in a minute, make a mistake, a lot of, have a rest, half an hour, a kind of, a number of, have a talk
with 等。
●2. 定冠词的用法
⑴ 特()人或某()事物。如:The girl in red is my sister. // The man with a flower in his hand is
Jack.
⑵ 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Pass me the ball, please. // Open the door, please.
⑶ 指上文已经提到的人或事物。如:I bought a pen yesterday. The pen is for my brother.
⑷ 用在世界上独一无二的名词前。如:The sun rises from the east. // The earth turns around the sun.
⑸ 用在序数词、形容词最高级(副词最高级前 the 可省略)以及表示方位的名词的前面。如:
Who is the first one to go? // Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.
There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.
【提醒】序数词前通常要加 the,但表示在原来基础上另加一()时,则在序数词前加 a。如:
a second language (除母语外的)第二语言
play 西配 “play+the+play the piano/the
violin /guitar
用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等名称的前面。如: the Changjiang Riverthe Pacific Oceanthe
West Lake
⑻ 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前(如:国家名称、机关团体、阶级)等。如:
the Great Wallthe Forbidden Citythe Red Army// He is from the United States of America.
⑼ 用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。如:The Lis have moved to Beijing.
用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或事物。如: the poor 穷人;the blind 盲人;the rich 富人;the old 老人;the sick
病人。
⑾ 用于单数可数名词前,泛指某一类。如:The horse is a useful animal.
用于“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”。如:He catch me by the arm. // She hit him on the nose. // I looked him in the
face.
⒀ 用在表“……世纪……年代”结构前,年份后面加“-s”。如in the 1990s 二十世纪九十
年代
⒁ 用在一些习惯用语中。如:in the sky 在天空中;in the middle of…在……的中间;all the year
round 一年到头;at the same time (与此同时)make the bed()in the end()all the time(
)by the way(顺便说一下)on the way( 在路上)in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the
left(right)at the end of 等。
●3. 零冠词的用法
⑴ 专有名词(包括人名、国名、地名、节日、星期、月份、季节)前不用冠词。ñ如:
Beijing UniversityJackChinaEnglandMaryMarchSundayNational Dayspring
Chairman Mao is a great man. // Beijing is the capital of China. // I’m in Class One.
注意季节星期修饰语时面就thethe summer of
2010
② 一般情况下以 Day 结尾的节日前不加 the。如:New Years Day, Teachers’ Day, National Day 等。
般情Festival 的节thethe Spring Festival; the Dragon-Boat Festival; the Mid-Autumn
Festival
⑵ 复数名词泛指一类人或事物时,不用冠词。如:They are teachers/nurses.
不可数名词(物质名词和抽名词)前一般不加冠词。如:time 时间;water fruit 水果love air
⑷ 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、名词不定代词或代词时(this, my, Tom’s, whose,
some, no, each, every 等),不用冠词。如:
Cake is my favourite food. // My pen is much more expensive than yours. // I want this book, not that one.
类、类、学科、语言、动、一日三前的名词前,不用冠词。ñ如:
have Chineselearn Chinesehave breakfast (lunch/supper)play volleyballplay chess
⑹ 表示位、身份、头、称的名词前,不用冠词。ñ如:
Lincoln was made President of America. // The guards took the American to General Lee.
⑺ 当个或个以上名词用时,常省冠词。如:I can’t write without pen or pencil.
⑻ 当 by 火车具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词。如:by bus, by train
school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, table, class, town,
church, court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示名词的深层含义。如:
go to hospital 去医院看病;go to the hospital 去医院 (不是去看病,是有其他目)
城市/主要建筑物名称前不用冠词。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.
at/to/from/out of/after/for schoolin/to/for/after classin/to/out of/into
bed after/at/from/out of/to work at/to sea in/from/down/to town at/from home at/for/to
breakfast/lunch/supperat night/noon/midnighton footgo to school/bedon top ofin front of
on show/display/duty/watch in/out of hospital at all on/in time at first/last/once in
Chinese/Englishtake care of 等。
⑿ 不用冠词的序数词。如:①序数词前有物主代词。如:This is my first time to come to Guilin.
序数词作副词。如:He came first in the race. ③ 在固定词。如:at (the) first, first of all, from first
to last
二、数词
数词是指表示数目多少顺序后的词用法相当于名词或形容词。数词分为基数词和序数
种。
● 1. 基数词:表示数目多少的数词基数词。
基数词 112 是独单词,需逐记忆
基数词 1319 是由个位数词的词teen 构成的,thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 变化则。
2090 十基数词是在十位数词后面加tytwenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 变化则。
2199 非整十基数词是在十位数后面加上个位数词,中间加上连字符。如:21 twentyone; 95 ninetyfive
⑸ 三位以上的基数词,位和十位之间一般加上连词 and。如:132 one hundred and thirtytwo
Module 9 模块语法与主题写作详解与训练-广西桂林市雁山中学外研版八年级上册英语.docx

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