第13讲 非谓语动词之过去分词（原卷版）-【寒假自学课】2023年高一英语寒假精品课（人教版2019）

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第13 讲 非谓语动词之过去分词
知识点复习+习题跟踪训练
【知识讲解】
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
[名师点津]　①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如 left(剩余的)，
given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
②如果被修饰的词是由 every/some/any/no 与body/one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词 those 等，单个分词放在
被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved？ 还有没有未解决的问题？
He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Last Tuesday in a mountainous area ，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(＝which were
killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.
上周二在一个山区，有 173 只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。
2．过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表
示时间性。
He is a teacher respected by all.
他是一位人人尊敬的老师。(teacher 和respect 之间是逻辑上的被动关系)
The high building built last year is our library.
去年建的那座高楼是我们的图书馆。 (built 表示被动和完成)
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天，地面被落叶覆盖。
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
　　　　意义 语态 时态
形式
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
As we all know，China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
The visitor came from a developed country.
这位游客来自一个发达国家。
4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
　　　　意义
形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词或过去分词短语作状语，表示被动/完成的动作，相当于一个状语从句，修饰谓语，表示时间、
条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语，与句子的主语之间是动
宾关系。
１、表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。
从太空上看，地球是蓝色的．
When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue. =Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
２、表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。这类句子的谓语动词往往用将来时或情态动词。
留在冰箱里，这些蔬菜会保持新鲜的．
If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
=Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
３、表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
被这故事所感动，孩子们哭了起来．
As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry. = Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
４、表示让步，作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。
尽管被敌人打败，他还是拒绝泄露秘密．
Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
=Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
５、表示行为方式或伴随情况，相当于并列复合句。
她走出了房子，她的小女孩跟在后面
She walked out of the house, and she was followed by her little daughter.
=She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
【注意 1】过去分词作状语时，从句的逻辑主语，一般与主句的主语保持一致, 其前面可以带有相应的连词。
△ 连词+主语+谓语+(宾语)，主语+谓语+(宾语) → （连词）+ 非谓语+(宾语)，主语+谓语+(宾语)
When you are given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
= (When) given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
主语一致：区别 Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden.
Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden.
过去分词作状语的位置：过去分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之
前发生，则要放在句首；如果它表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后，则要放在句尾。逗号隔开。
Greatly moved by the hero, she decided to study hard. (表示时间,原因,条件, 让步等的分词短语多放句首)
Tom went home, finding the door locked. (表示结果，伴随的分词短语多放在句尾)
【注意 2】过去分词的独立结构
过去分词作状语时，如果不能和主句中的主语保持一致，该过去分词必须有自己的逻辑主语，担任独
立主格结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中，常用作：状语，用来表示时间，条件，原因，伴随情况
等。
△ 连词+主语+谓语+(宾语)，主语+谓语+(宾语) → 主语+非谓语+(宾语)，主语+谓语+(宾语)
He rushed into the room, and his face was covered with sweat.
=He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (独立主格表伴随, 保留其逻辑主语 his face)
As all their savings were gone, the couple started looking for jobs.
=All their savings gone, the couple started looking for jobs. (独立主格表原因，保留其逻辑主语 all their savings)
When this was done, we went home. =This done, we went home. (独立主格表时间，保留其逻辑主语 this)
△ 分词作状语时, 如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。
(此时, 也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。) with + 宾语+过去分词
完成作业后，孩子们出去踢足球了。
状语从句：After their homework was finished, the children went out to play football.
After the children finished their homework, they went out to play football.
介词+动名词：After finishing their homework, the children went out to play football.
现在分词完成形式：Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football.
第13讲 非谓语动词之过去分词（原卷版）-【寒假自学课】2023年高一英语寒假精品课（人教版2019）.docx

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作者：envi 分类：高中 价格：3知币 属性：8 页 大小：54.48KB 格式：DOCX 时间：2025-05-07

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