专题4.阅读理解、7选5串讲及精练（学生版）--2022-2023学年高一英语期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

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阅读理解、7选5串讲及精练

一．细节理解题

根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。因此，对于这类题目

要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。但有些细节理解题由于命题人故

意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、

对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。细节理解题常

见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。

二．猜测词义题

　　根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也

是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。要做好这类题

目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的

意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生

可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构

词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一

个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子

的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考

查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判

断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往

往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通

过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不

熟悉的词或短语的含义。

By saying that “...” in the first (second ...)

paragraph, the author means that ________.

In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by

“______”．

The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to

________.

Which of the following has the closest meaning

to ... (Paragraph ...)？

As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to

________.

The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph

probably means that ________.

三．推理判断题

解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信

息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推

理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。

推理判断能力的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：(1)根据所提供的事实和证据得出结论。(2)对语段的深

层含义进行推理判断。(3)对语段的言外之意进行推理判断。(4)对文段的背景进行推理判断。

四．主旨大意题

是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考

生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些

关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大

意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。

正确选项特征干扰选项特征

1.涵盖性强，覆

盖全文或全段。 1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内

容。

2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中

2.确定的范围恰

当，既不太大，

也不太小。

3.精确性强，不

的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次

要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。

3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在

B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。

4.无中生有，生搬硬套

所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过

仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容

毫无联系。

随堂练习

一

2021-2022 学年福建省福州市八县（市、区）一中高一上学期期中联考英语试题

Exploration is about how we experience our most meaningful geography. A geography education without

actively learning how to explore places is as frustrating as teaching music lessons without sound. Besides that, in its

widest sense, exploration has the potential to be one of the most enjoyable and rewarding things we humans will

ever do. It can be good for developing problem-solving, teamwork, social and other vital skills. Therefore, we

should be given the opportunities to learn properly how to do it.

The sad reality is that millions of children are socially and geographically deprived (剥夺的). Their learning

environments lack the diversity of place and experience-based opportunities that they need to develop well and as a

result, they will not reach their full potential.

There is plenty of research showing that many children have little time and space to explore, play and learn

outdoors. Perhaps most shockingly, Dirt is Good conducted a survey which found that three-quarters of UK

children spend less time outside than prisoners, that the amount of time children spend playing in natural places has

decreased and that a fifth of children do not play outside on an average day.

There are a large number of good and complex reasons why parents do not let their children play (and so

learn) outdoors and not overcoming these barriers comes with its own risks. Changing the parenting cultures that

are overly limiting many children’s freedom will potentially need efforts of generation after generation.

Partially as a response to this situation, an increasing number of doctors are providing social prescriptions (处

方). Instead of being offered medicine for a mental or physical illness, young patients are being prescribed time

with nature, volunteering, doing sports or some other activities instead.

Teachers are, in many ways, in a better position to provide time and space for children to benefit from

experiences that help them not only to learn, but also to be well. Teachers can spare both formal and informal time

and space for exploration that helps not just children who are ill, but also those who are well to remain well or

become even better.

31．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?

A．The way to reach full potential. B．The methods of doing exploration.

C．The different attitudes to exploration. D．The importance of doing exploration.

32．What can we learn from the survey of Dirt is Good?

A．Prisoners in the UK are treated very well.

B．Children are badly in need of time outdoors.

C．Children are becoming less outgoing nowadays.

D．There aren’t enough natural places in many countries.

33．What do we know about the process of changing parents’ attitude?

A．It’s interesting but tiring. B．It’s complex and risky.

C．It’s challenging but worthwhile. D．It’s troublesome and demanding.

34．By mentioning social prescriptions, the author wants to say _______.

A．playing outside can promote people’s health

B．traditional medicines may have side effects

C．experienced doctors are in short supply

D．mental illness needs special treatment

35．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?

A．①- -②③④⑤ ⑥ B．①- -②③ ④⑤⑥

C．①②③- -④⑤ ⑥ D．①②- -③④ ⑤⑥

二

2021-2022 学年福建省龙岩市六县一中联考高一上学期期中考试英语试题

A recent announcement in China limits teenagers to playing video games for up to one hour a day on

weekends and holidays. To make sure the restriction (规定) is followed, video platforms will need real-name

recognition and facial recognition.

As is reported, these measures have been welcomed by Chinese parents. The restrictions are aimed at the

gaming companies, which have profited greatly at the cost of young people’s health and growth.

A report compared video games to “spiritual opium” (精神鸦片) for China’s youth. They are influencing

teenagers’ behavior in daily life, especially those who have not developed the proper time management skills. The

way of restrictions may not be perfect, but it can send the right message to teenagers, as well as gaming companies

who are using technology to drag users deeper and deeper into using their products.

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