专题4.阅读理解、7选5串讲及精练（学生版）--2022-2023学年高一英语期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

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阅读理解、7选5串讲及精练

一．细节理解题

根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。因此，对于这类题目

要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。但有些细节理解题由于命题人故

意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、

对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。细节理解题常

见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。

二．猜测词义题

　　根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也

是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。要做好这类题

目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的

意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生

可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构

词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一

个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子

的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考

查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判

断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往

往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通

过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不

熟悉的词或短语的含义。

By saying that “...” in the first (second ...)

paragraph, the author means that ________.

In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by

“______”．

The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to

________.

Which of the following has the closest meaning

to ... (Paragraph ...)？

As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to

________.

The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph

probably means that ________.

三．推理判断题

解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信

息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推

理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。

推理判断能力的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：(1)根据所提供的事实和证据得出结论。(2)对语段的深

层含义进行推理判断。(3)对语段的言外之意进行推理判断。(4)对文段的背景进行推理判断。

四．主旨大意题

是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考

生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些

关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大

意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。

正确选项特征干扰选项特征

1.涵盖性强，覆

盖全文或全段。 1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内

容。

2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中

2.确定的范围恰

当，既不太大，

也不太小。

3.精确性强，不

的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次

要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。

3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在

B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。

4.无中生有，生搬硬套

所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过

仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容

毫无联系。

随堂练习

一

(2021-2022 学年福建省福州第一中学)

Nowadays, handwriting seems to become less necessary, for young children learn to tap and touch screens

before they have even learned to pick up a pencil or tie their shoelaces. Most of our written communication is done

through texting on mobile phones or typing on a keyboard. And voice recognition softwares are becoming more and

more advanced —making even keyboards unnecessary!

So, are handwriting skills important to your child? Actually, handwriting is an exercise in eye-hand

coordination (协调), an important part of visual-motor (视觉运动) skills, which are connected with achievements

in study. Scientists found that developing fine visual-motor skills in early childhood can lead to not only writing

success, but better performance in reading and math in elementary school. It was also found that kids who fail to

write neatly and efficiently are often accused of being lazy, and this may affect their behavior and self-worth.

Moreover, a study showed that when a group of children were asked to come up with ideas for an article, the ones

with better handwriting were more active and had quicker minds. In some ways, handwriting helps their brains’

development.

The first attempts at writing can be challenging for pre-school children —whose fine motor skills are not yet

fully developed. But some skills to prepare for handwriting are simple to build at home and in preschool. Parents

should provide lots of opportunities for kids to copy and draw shapes and simple pictures in early childhood before

letters are introduced. Let your child copy your shapes in sand, or with chalks on a board before trying to draw the

shapes on their own. Encourage your child to spend less time on electronic devices and more time on activities to

improve eye-hand coordination.

Let’s face it —technology is certain to continue developing and more research is needed to find the best ways

to teach handwriting to young children. But, there’s plenty of evidence that the handwriting practice can provide

young children with a good start in developing skills needed for a healthy and successful journey in school.

8. According to Paragraph 1, handwriting is ________.

A. easy to learn on a touch screen B. used less frequently now

C. more difficult than typewriting D. totally replaced by softwares

9. How does the author explain the benefits of handwriting?

A. By presenting some research findings.

B. By mentioning examples of the kids around him.

C. By giving some news reports on hand-writing.

D. By providing data about pupils with good grades.

10. What does the author suggest parents do?

A. Keep young children away from electronic devices.

B. Teach pre-school children to write letters with chalks.

C. Help children get ready for handwriting before school.

D. Encourage children to face writing challenges bravely.

11. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Does poor handwriting really mean being lazy?

B. Should handwriting be taken seriously in children’s growth?

C. How can handwriting affect children’s self-confidence?

D. Should homework be done through handwriting or typewriting?

Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to

answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not

all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons — for example, economic reasons —

why they should be preserved. So, let us assume（假设）that historical buildings are both attractive and important

to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?

In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many

examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old

buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not affect its surroundings too much, it often

improves the attractiveness of the area.

It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be

said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply

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