上海牛津版八年级下册语法知识点综合---宾从，定从，倒装，句子成分

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Part One 句子成分

成分词性例句

主语

（处于谓

语动词前）

名词 The apple is red.

代词 Nobody is here.

数词 Four and five makes nine.

名词化的形容词 The old need our help.

to do/ doing To be a doctor is my dream.

Running is good for health.

从句 That he is handsome is well known.

What you said is right.

谓语简单谓语：一个动词/动词词组 He often reads newspaper.

The plane takes off.

复合谓语：助动词+动词 He can speak English well.

表语位于系动词后面的成分

一般为：名词，代词，形容词，数

词， to do/doing; 介词短语，从

句；副词

My wish is to become a doctor.

Time is pressing. 时间紧迫

I am at work.

This is why I am here.

宾语位于及物动词或者介词后的部分

名词；代词；数词；名词化的形

容词； to do/ doing ; 从句

we love our motherland.

Buy it.

Give me five.

We should help the poor.

Do you understand what I said?

补足语宾语补足语：对宾语进行补充说明

形容词

分词短语

不定式

名词

介词短语

副词

I found the book very interesting.

He made himself known to others.

He asked me to do sth.

we must keep it a secret.

make yourself at home.

keep the dog out.

主语补足语 : 对主语进行补充说明

名词；形容词等

The dog was found dead.

He is elected monitor of the class.

定语修饰限定名词或者代词的成分

介词短语

代词

数词

名词

不定式

分词

从句

The book on the desk is mine.

My bag is here.

Three dogs are barking.

stone table

the way to do this

moving film / boiled water

I know the boy who is standing there.

状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，句子

副词

不定式

分词短语

介词短语

Tom speaks fast.

I buy the cake to eat.

Arriving there, I called him.

When I was a child , I was so cute.

从句

Part two 句子的类型

简单句---五种基本句型

1）主语+ 不及物动词【主谓】 The dog died.

2) 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语【主谓宾】 I teach English.

3）主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语【主谓宾宾】She sent me a present.

4）主语+ 及物动词+宾语+ 宾语补足语【主谓宾宾补】

5）主语+ 系动词+表语【主系表】

并列句---由并列连词【fanboys】连接的句子。

fanboys: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

1. 注意就远原则、就近原则 2. 注意逻辑语义关系。

主从复合句

1. 分类

名词性从句主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

*同位语从句

形容词性从句定语从句

副词性从句状语从句

2. 名词性从句的连接词使用一览表

连接词从句内部情况是否可省例句

that 不缺成分；意义完

整

宾语从句可以省；

主从，表从不可省

I know (that) you love English.

That you love English is well known.

The reason is that you love English.

whether 不缺成分；意义“是

否”

不可省 Whether I am alive depends on you.

The problem is whether he will agree with you.

if 不缺成分；意义“是

否”

只能用在宾语从句

中的某些情况

whose 从句缺定语； “谁

的”

不可省 I want to know whose bag it is.

which

what

who/whom

从句缺主语、宾

语, 表语

不可省 Which boy will go there is unknown.

What you said is right.

I wonder who he is.

where

why

when

how

从句缺状语；地

点意义，时间意

义，方式，原因意

义

不可省 Where you want to live is not a question now.

I wonder why you are so brilliant.

I didn’t know when he left.

Let teach you how to write.

从句的语序：陈述语序--- 引导词后紧跟从句的主语。

【注意特例】：特殊疑问词本身做主语的时候，改为宾从的时候，语序不变。

what’s wrong / the matter/the problem (with…)

which is the way to…

what is the most beautiful ….

what is happening over there…

who is standing there…

3) 时态

主现从不限，主过从必过，真理永一现。

注意：在改写宾从的时候，1）如果主句是一般过去式，从句要用相应的过去时态。2）注意人称变化； 3）注意

时间状语的变化

3. 定从考点梳理

连接词使用一览表

从句内部情况连接词是否可省例句

从句缺主语宾语 that 当从句缺的是宾

语的时候，可以

省略

I know a girl that is good at English.

I know the girl (that) you talk about.

which 【先行词为物】

who/whom【先行词为

人】

当从句缺的是宾

语的时候，可以

省略

This is the bag (which) you bought for me.

This is the man (whom) I love.

从句缺定语； “谁

的”

whose I live in the house whose door is white.

从句基本完整 where

why

when

Is there a place where we can spend our

holidays?

I don’t know the reason why he is late.

I will never forget the days when we lived

together.

注意：只能用 that 的情况

1. 先行词是 all, few, little, much, something, anything, everything 等不定代词

2. 先行词由 only , very 修饰

3. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰

4.先行词中既有人又有物

非限制性定语从句：

特点：先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开

which 引导：先行词既可以是一个单词，也可以是一整个句子

as 引导：可参考常见搭配：

as sb expected

as is mentioned before

as is well-known

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