09-2 七选五解答的微观策略-备战2022年高考英语考前必背(通用版)

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备战 2022 年高考英语考前必背(通用版)

七选五解答的微观策略

利用语篇语义逻辑关系解题

文章由段落组成，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有总分、解释、例证、

并列、递进、转折、对比、因果等关系。七选五解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。

▲解释关系

从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常是解释关系，往往作者提出观点，紧接着对这个观点进行解

释说明。因此，把握文章结构，理清作者所表达的观点至关重要。

【典例】　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ片段)

__39__ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the

evening.Exercise energizes you ，so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very

excited.

A. You will stick to your diet.

B. Your quality of sleep improves.

C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.

【分析】　此处缺少一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。所选答案应是

对后面内容的总述。故选 B。

▲对比关系

若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的对比比较，则空格处很有可能表示对比关系。表示对比关系的标志词

有：while，if not，some...others 等。

【典例】　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ片段)

Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you’ve tried a

new method for a week，take a look at your record.__20__ If not，take another look at other methods you could

try.

E. If the steps you take are working，keep it up.

F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake－up time，no matter the day.

G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.

【分析】　考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的“ If not”说明

前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，因此选 E。

▲因果关系

表示因果关系的标志词有：so，therefore，thus，consequently(结果)，as a result (of)，so/such...that...，so

that...等。

【典例】　(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ片段)

Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet ，the only one who cares about any mistake is the

one who is speaking.People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact.most people only absorb about 20 percent of a

speaker’s message.So，don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.__18__

A. Do the opposite.

B. You want to be an effective public speaker.

C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.

【分析】　根据上文中的“So，don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.”可

知，当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。据此可以推知，空处承接上文，说明犯小错误无

需道歉，故 C项正确。

▲并列关系

表示并列关系的标志词有：similarly，and，first(ly)，second(ly)，first，then/next，finally/last，to begin

with，for one thing，for another thing 等。

【典例】　(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ片段)

Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.__19__ And like everything else in life ，that takes

practice.Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.

B. You want to be an effective public speaker.

C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.

D. When it comes to public speaking，less is usually more.

【分析】　根据上文中的“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”可知，你的目标不是成为一个完美

的演说家。据此可知，空处与此对应，说明自己的目标是要成为高效的演说家，故选 B项。

▲总分关系

文章由段落组成，围绕中心话题展开。“总分结构法”中的“总”是指文章内容的总体概括，出现在

文章的首和尾；“分”是指文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。一篇文章在总体布局上，

可以先总后分，也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作“总分结构法”。

【典例】　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ片段)

But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home：the

small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones.

__38__. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ，mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual

interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ，small

color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas ，dinner tables or

bookshelves.39.Color__choices__in__this__range__are__a__step__up__from__the__small__ones__in__two__maj

or__ways.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones ，and they have a more powerful effect on the

feeling of a space.

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls ，ceilings ，and floors.Whether you’re looking at

wallpaper or paint ，the time ，effort and relative expense put into it are

significant.40.So__it__pays__to__be__sure ， because __you__want__to__get__it right__the__first__time.

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you’re looking for

C. If you’re experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

【分析】　文中出现了“the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones”，后面又提到了“small color

choices”，由此可知空处所在段主要在讲“the small ones”。故选 D。

▲转折关系

若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词有：

but ，however ，yet ，while/though/although ，or/otherwise ，on the contrary ，instead ，nevertheless( 然而 )

still，in contrast/comparison，by comparison 等。

【典例】　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ片段)

__40__While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you

get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen

about fifteen minutes to start working，and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B. So what are you waiting for?

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

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