《英语初升高衔接大串讲》专题8.定语从句

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定语从句
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一. 定义
定语从句：在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。
先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。
结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词 / 副词 +定语从句
起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
who/that：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
(在从句中作主语和宾语)
先行词为是人的名词或代词 whom：He is the man whom/who/ that I saw yesterday.
(在从句中作宾语)
whose：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
(在从句中作定语)
which/that: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears
先行词是事物的名词或代词 (在从句中作主语和宾语)in the countryside.
The package
（
which / that
）
you are carrying is about to fall down.
whose: Please pass me the book whose
（
of which the
）
cover is green.
(在从句中作定语)
考点一 考查关系代词引导的定语从句
1. A person ________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
2. Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)
A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom
3. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him. (全国Ⅱ)
A. which B. that C. where D. it
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4. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山东卷)
A. who B. which C. when D. that
三.关系副词引导的定语从句
when: There are occasions when
（
on which
）
one must yield.
(介词+ which)
先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词 where: Beijing is the place where
（
in which
）
I was born.
(关系副词在从句中作状语)
why: Is this the reason why
（
for which
）
he refused our offer?
四.判断关系代词与关系副词
1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全
取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词
后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；
而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分
（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确
选择出关系代词/关系副词。
考点一 考查关系副词引导的定语从句
1. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ________ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. (上海卷)
A. where B. when C. there D. which
2. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently. (福建卷)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
3. Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (重庆卷)
A. why B. what C. that D. where
4. She’ll never forget her stay there, ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (四川卷)
A. that B. which C. where D. when
5. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when C. which D. since
1 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　
2. This is the mountain village
（
which
）
I visited last year.
3. I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
4. I'll never forget the days
（
which
）
I spent in the countryside.
1. This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
2. This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
A. where　B. that　 C. on which　　 D. the one
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、
宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词
在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时
间状语，why 原因状语）
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五．关系代词 that 的用法
1）不用 that 的情况 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
　　　 （错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
　　 b） 介词后不能用。例如：
　　　　 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
　　　　 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2） 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
　　 a）在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不用 which。
　　 b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用 that，不
用which。
　　 Is there anything that I can do for you?
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警
察
c）先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时，只用 that。　
　　 My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.
d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 that。
　　 That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
　 The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.
六．定语从句中只用 which 而不用 that 情况
① 当关系代词前有介词时：
This is the house of which the windows face south.
② 引导非限制性定语从句只用 which。which 可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。
Tom came back, which made us happy.
His dog, which was very old, became ill.
③ 先行词是 that, those 且指物时，关系词用 which。
What's that which was bright in the car?
④ 一个句子两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用 that，另一个用 which。
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