《英语初升高衔接大串讲》专题7.主谓一致

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主 谓 一 致
一、主谓一致的定义及原则
主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫作主谓一致。主谓一致遵循三个基本原则:语法一致、意义一致、
就近原则。
(一)语法一致
指主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数,如:
He is a boy.他是一名男孩。
They are boys.他们是男孩。
(二)意义一致
指主语形式上是单数,但表达的却是复数意义,那么谓语动词要用复数形式,或主语形式上是复数形式
但却表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式,如:
Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为生。
Physics is difficult to learn.物理很难学。
(三)就近一致
指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定:
There is a booktwo pens and three pencil-boxes on the desk.
书桌上有一本书,两支钢笔和三个铅笔盒。
There are two pensa book and three pencil-boxes on the table.
二、主谓一致的应用
1.谓语动词用单数形式的情况
① 可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数:
The ball is under the desk.球在书桌下。
The water is very hot.水很热。
more than one +② 单数名词+单数动词;more +复数名词+than one +复数动词。如:
More than one shop was stolen last night.
昨天晚上,不止一家商店被盗。
“a +③ 单数名词+ or two”作主语,谓语用单数,如:
A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
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“many a +④ 单数名词”作主语,谓语用单数,如:
Many a student was late for school this morning.
今天早晨,许多学生上学迟到了。
⑤ 以-s 结尾的单数名词作主语,谓语用单数,如:news, politics , physics , maths, gymnastics ,以及书名、
戏剧名、报纸及国家的名称等的复数名词,如:
The news is true.这个消息是真的。
The United States is a large country.美国是一个大国。
no(each, every, many a) + 单数名词 + and +no (each , every, many a) + 单数名词 作主语,谓语用单数:
Many a boy and many a girl has handed in their books.
许多男孩和女孩已经上交了书。
Every boy and every girl likes the film star.
所有的男孩和所有的女孩都喜欢这个电影明星。
Every boy and girl was invited.
所有的男孩和女孩都请了。
a kind of/a sort of/a type of/a series of + 名词 作主语时,谓语用单数,如:
This kind of car is made in Harbin.
这种小车是哈尔滨生产的。
A new series of reading for children has been published.
一套新的儿童读物出版了。
⑧ 复合不定代词如 anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing 等作主语,谓语
用单数:
Everybody likes his poems.所有的人都喜欢他的诗。
each, either, neither, another, (a) little much 作主语或修饰主语时,谓语用单数,如:
Much of what you say is true.你所说的许多话是真的。
Neither answer is correct.两个答案一个都不对。
⑩ 时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数,如:
Ten miles isn't a long distance.十英里并非一段很长的距离。
⑾ 运算数词作主语,谓语用单数,如:
Five minus four is one.五减四等于一。
Seven times four makes twenty-eight.七乘四等于二十八。
Two and two is /are four.二加二等于四。
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⑿ 两个单数名词用 and 连接表示一个概念或不可分的整体作主语时,谓语用单数,如:war and peace 战争
与和平,iron and steel 钢铁,truth and honesty 真诚,a watch and chain 一块带链的表,a needle and thread 一套
针线
Bread and butter is their daily food. 奶油面包是他们的日常食物。
⒀ 主语从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语用单数。
When and how to do it is a problem. 什么时候怎样做仍是一个问题。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
★但当 what 引导的主语从句表复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式,如:
What the boy wanted are some books. 这个男孩想要的是几本书。
关系代词在定于从句作主语时,从句谓语的人称和数必须先行词保持一致。尤其one of+
数名词的定语从句的谓语用复数;the only/very one of+复数名词的定语从句的谓语用单数。
Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
Tom is one of the students who have passed the exam.
几种特殊情况
1one or two + 复数名词 ”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下有一两个学生在植树
2)时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语,若强调若干个个位而非整体概念,谓语动词可用
复数。这时多与 pass, go by, waste, use, spend 等词连用。
Five years have passed since I joined the Party. 我入党了。
3)两个或两个以上的主语从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语,表示复数概念或意义时,谓动用复数。
What he says and what he does don't agree. 他所说的和他所做的不一致。
Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure. 游泳滑冰是他最大的乐趣
2.谓语动词用复数形式的情况。
合名词,如 people, police, cattle, crew 等作主语时,谓语一用复数,如:
The police have caught the thief.警察抓住了小
People are enjoying themselves over there. 人们在那儿玩得开心
有的合名词如 family, class, crowd, team, group 等,强调整体时谓语用单数,强调其中成员时谓语用
复数:
His family is rich.他家很有。(指整体)
His family are all music lovers. 他家都是音乐爱好者。(指成员
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作者:envi 分类:初中 价格:3知币 属性:9 页 大小:30.17KB 格式:DOCX 时间:2025-02-21

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