《新初三英语暑假讲义(译林牛津版)》第7讲 语法专题复习讲解2

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第七讲 语法专题复习讲解 2
一、知识整合
什么是宾语从句?
We know him.简单句
s v o
We know he likes English.复合句
s v
s v o
o
宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语。
1that 引导的宾语从句
(1)that 在宾语从句中只起连接作用,并不作句子成分,其本身也没有实际意义,在口语或非正式文体中常
常省略。如:
She told me(that) she could finish it herself. 她跟我说她可以自己完成。
(2)that 引导的宾语从句,其主句的谓语动词多为 knowthinkbelievehopemean;也可用于主句形容词
之后,如:Certainsuregladafraidsorry 等。如:
He thinks that he can go swimming tomorrow. 他认为他明天能去游泳。
I am glad that you can come for dinner.我很高兴你能来吃晚饭。
2if whether 引导的宾语从句
(1)if whether 可引导宾语从句,此时从句部分的语义相当于一个一般疑问句。如:
I want to know ifwhether he is our new teacher,我想知道他是不是我们的新老师。
(2)连词 if whether 意为“是否”,在从句中不充当句子成分,在口语中多用 if 如:
Tom wonders ifwhether his grandpa will come next week.汤姆想知道他的爷爷是否下周过来。
if/whether 可互换,但是有时只能用 whether,不能用 if
1:whether…or not 为固定搭配.
I want to know if/whether she is right .我想知道她是否是正确的。
They didn’t know whether Tom could come back or not .他们不知道汤姆是否会回来。
(3)当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用 whether 引导,而不能用 if。如:
eg:Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. 这是否是正确的我辨别不了。
(4)whether 可以引导带 to 的不定式,if 则不能。如:
eg:I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. 我不知道是去接受还是拒绝。
(5)whether 及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但 if 不能。如:
eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我很担心我是否伤害了她的感情。
注意:“看清”if , 很重要。
思考,if 可以表示什么意思?它可以引导什么句子呢?时态有什么不同呢?
A:I wonder if he will come tonight
表示是否,引导宾语从句
B:I don’t know . If he comes, I will tell you.
表示假如;如果。引导条件状语从句
3. 宾语从句中时态的变化
1. 句是现在语从态不,我根据的意使需要何一
态。
I hear (that) Jim went to work an hour ago.
1
he is interested in English.
she will come tomorrow .
Tom has been to London twice .
2. 当主句是一般过去时的时候,宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态,从而达到主句和从句的相互
一致。
He said (that) He would go to Hong Kong .
He was sick.
He was reading a book .
He had finished his work.
3. 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时,就不用受到主句时态的限制,仍是用一
般现在时态。
He told me (that) Summer is after Spring .
We knew (that) the sun is much bigger than the moon .
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
4. 宾语从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序,即是“主语在前,谓语在后”的顺序。
Danny says that he will learn English.丹尼说他将会学英语。
Do you know where he came from?你知道他来自哪里吗?
Please tell me how I can get to the bus station .请告诉我怎么才能到达公交车站。
Grammar 语言点
1. She is sure that yellow can bring her good luck. (P.26)
luck 作不可数名词,表示“运气”,形容词为 lucky,副词是 luckily
例如:He always has good luck in what he does.他做什么事都有好运气。
She was lucky enough to be chosen for the team.她很幸运被选入了
Luckily, he wasnt hurt in the accident.幸运的是,他没有在事中受伤。
2. I think colours can influence our everyday lives in many ways. (P.26)
everyday 是形容词,意为“常的”只作定语;every day 是副词语,在句中作时状语。
例如:The Internet had become a part of everyday life.联网已经成为了生活的一部分。
We should take exercise every day.我们应该每锻炼
3. Most people thing light colours are better than dark colors. (P.26)
light 用作形容词,表示“浅色的、淡色的”,其义词为 dark“深色的”。
I prefer light colours to dark ones.深色更喜欢浅色
4. I notice light colours make rooms seem larger. (P.26)
notice 作动词,表示“注意、意”,常用构有:notice sb. do sth. “注意到某做了某事或者做某事
”;notice sb. doing sth.“注意某正在做某事”。
例如:I noticed him enter the room.我注意到他入了房间
I noticed the thief stealing the car when I passed by.过的时候注意到了小偷偷车。
[拓展]notice 的其它用法
1. notice 作可数名词,表示“知、告、告示”。
例如:There’re many notices in the newspaper.报纸上告。
There is a notice saying “Keep off the grass”.有一个告示写着禁止踩踏草坪
2. notice 作不可数名词,表示“注意、意”,常构成take notice of“注意”。
His speech brought him into public notice.他的讲使他受到了公的注意。
3. seem 动词,表示“似乎、好”,常用于“seem+名词/形容词/动词不定式/that 从句”构。
2
例如:She seems happy. 似乎
They seem to know what happened.他们似乎知道发生了什么。
5.Is the sports bag made of cotton? (P.27)
be made of 意为“由……制成”,从成能看出原材料The desk is made of wood.
[拓展] 关短
1. be made from“由……制成”,从成看不出原材料
The wine is made from grapes.红酒葡萄做的。
2. be made in “在某”。
The car is made in China.这个小轿车是中国产的。
3. be made up of “由……组成,由……构成”。
The park is made up of a man-made lake and a hill.园由人工山组成。
4. be made into “被制成”。
His novel was made into a film.他的说被制作成了电影
6.Should I stay at home instead of going shopping with my classmates. (P.27)
instead of 介词语,意为“代替、而不是”。
例如:We went there on foot instead of by bike.我们是步行去的那儿不是车。
I like walking instead of running.喜欢走路而不是跑步
[拓展] instead of 是介词语,用于句中,后接名词、词或动名词;instead 是副词,用于句,在句中作
状语。
例如:He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow.他明天将代替值日
They didn’t go swimming. They went to play football instead.他们没有去游泳,他们去踢足球了。
7. You may wonder if/whether it represents anything else? (P.28)
else 作副词,意为“别的、其它的”,常放在不定词或者疑问词后
例如:I can see nobody else in the room.房间里我看不到任何
Where else have you ever been?你还去过什么别的地方吗?
、同步练
1.
( ) 1. This pair of jeans looks nice _____Sandy because she looks very nice ____ blue.
A. on ,in B. in ,on C. for ,on D. to ,in
( ) 2. If you walk into a room with blue walls ,you will feel ____,because blue is a calm colour.
A. excited B. stressed C. surprised D. relaxed
( )3. Everyone knows ________humans need water, food and air to survive.
A. if B. that C. What D. it
( )4. Mr. Zhang is not sure ________he can get support from others.
A. whether B. that C. What D. why
( )5. Mr. Zhang asks Tom ________ the window before leaving.
A. if has he closed B. whether he has closed C. that he has closed D. if is he closed
( )6. Are you certain _________ it will rain or not tonight ?
A if B whether C. that D. it
( )7. ________ you speak at the meeting or not is very important.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. what
2. 翻译句子。
1.我认为颜色方面影响我们的生活
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《新初三英语暑假讲义(译林牛津版)》第7讲 语法专题复习讲解2.docx

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