《初升高英语衔接大讲堂》专题15 定语从句之关系副词

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专题 15 定语从句之关系副词
一、关系副词 when 引导的定语从句
when 表示时间,代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。(关系副
when 代替的先行词表示的是时间,when 在定语从句作时间状语。)
He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。
This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.
北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when 先行词是 months);
注意:when 在从句中只能作状语。关系词如果在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词 which that,作
宾语时常常省略关系代词。
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when 在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(that which spent 的宾语)
二、关系副词 where 引导的定语从句
where
placefactoryhousevillage 等。(关系副词 where 代替的先行词表示的是地点,where 在定语从句作地
点状语。)
This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.
春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where 的先行词是 town);
注意示地点的行词在从句中不作地点状语,若作主或宾语时,应which that 来引
定语从句。
This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
这是我爷爷在 40 年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语,所以用 which/that,不用 where)
The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built. 我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代
1
which/that 在从句中作宾语)
三、关系副词 why 引导的定语从句
why 表示原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是 reason 这个词。
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗?
注意:若先行词 reason 在从句中不作状语,而作主语或宾语时,应用 that which 来引导定语从句。
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用 which/that,不用 why)
The reason why/for which you failed, I think, was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.
我认为你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语,所以用 why for which)
四、“介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系
“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”
选用介词的依据:
1. 根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地
点、原因状语时,可分别用 when, where, why 替换。
I’ll never forget the day on which I first met him. 我永远都不会忘记初次见到他的那个日子。(on the day)
This is the house in which I lived last year. ( in the house= where)
There are many reasons for which people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)
2. 根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择,构成动词短语。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)
3. 根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词,其形容词与介词搭配,构成形容词短语。
The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom. ( be grateful to)
The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company( be familiar with )
4. 根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。要根据句子所要表达的意思,选用不同的介词。
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